Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1β) (Cat. No.: C042) Background:     IL-1 is a name that designates two proteins, IL-1α and IL-1β, that are the products of distinct genes, but recognize the same cell surface receptors. IL-1α and IL-1β are structurally related polypeptides that show apprximately 25% homology at the amino acid level. Both proteins are produced by a wide variety of cells in response to stimuli such as those produced by inflammatory agents, infections, or microbial endotoxins. The proteins are synthesized as 31 kDa precursors that are sub......

Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-1 Alpha (IL-1α) (Cat. No.: C041) Background:     IL-1α is distinct from the other agonist member of the IL-1 family, IL-1β. Although IL-1α triggers the same IL-1 receptor and although many of the biological effects of IL-1α are similar to those of IL-1α, in humans IL-1α is predominantly an intracellular molecule. In fact, there is evidence that IL-1α has both intracellular functions as a precursor molecule due to a nuclear localization sequence. IL-1α as an unprocessed precursor is biologically as active as the processed form. IL-......

Recombinant Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor-basic (FGF-basic) (Cat. No.: C044) Background:     FGF basic (FGF-2, HBGF-2) is one of at least 22 mitogenic proteins of the FGF family, which show 35-60% amino acid conservation. Unlike other FGFs, FGF acidic and basic lack signal peptides and are secreted by an alternate pathway. The 17 kDa mouse sequence has 98% aa identity with rat, and 95% identity with human, bovine and sheep FGF basic. Binding of FGF to heparin or cell surface HSPG is necessary for binding, dimerization and activation of tyrosine kinase FGF receptors. FGF b......

Recombinant Mouse Fibroblast Growth Factor-acidic (FGF-acidic) (Cat. No.: C043) Background:     FGF acidic, also known as FGF-1, ECGF, and HBGF-1, is a 17 kDa nonglycosylated member of the FGF family of mitogenic peptides. FGF acidic, which is produced by multiple cell types, stimulates the proliferation of all cells of mesodermal origin and many cells of neuroectodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal origin. It plays a number of roles in development, regeneration, and angiogenesis. FGF-acidic is a non-glycosylated heparin binding growth factor that is expressed ......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-8 (8-79) (IL8 /72) (Cat. No.: C035) Background:     Interleukin-8 (IL-8) belongs to the neutrophil-specific CXC family of chemokines. It is one of the initial cytokines released from a variety of cell types, including T cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, in response to an inflammatory stimulus and acts by recruiting neutrophils, T-cells and basophils to the site of inflammation. Elevated Interleukin-8 levels are associated with the onset of a variety of disease states. Description:     Recombinant Human IL-8 (8-79) p......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-8 (3-79) (IL8 /77) (Cat. No.: C037) Background:     Interleukin-8 (IL-8) belongs to the neutrophil-specific CXC family of chemokines. It is one of the initial cytokines released from a variety of cell types, including T cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, in response to an inflammatory stimulus and acts by recruiting neutrophils, T-cells and basophils to the site of inflammation. Elevated Interleukin-8 levels are associated with the onset of a variety of disease states. Description:     Recombinant Human IL-8 (3-79) p......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-16 (IL16) (Cat. No.: C045) Background:     IL-16 is a CD8+ T cell-derived cytokine that induces chemotaxis of CD4+ T cells and CD4+ monocytes and eosinophils. Analysis by gel filtration suggests that, under physiological conditions, human IL-16 exists predominantly as a noncovalently linked multimer, but that some IL-16 may exist as a monomer. However, only the multimeric form appears to possess chemotactic activity, suggesting that receptor cross-linking may be required for activity. IL-16 also induces expression of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and ......

Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-22 (IL22) (Cat. No.: C047) Background:     Interleukin-22 (IL-22), also known as IL-10-related T cell-derived inducible factor (IL-TIF) was initially identified as a gene induced by IL-9 in mouse T cells and mast cells. Mouse IL-22 cDNA encodes a 179 amino acid (aa) residue protein with a putative 33 aa signal peptide that is cleaved to generate a 147 aa mature protein that shares approximately 79% and 22% aa sequence identity with human IL-22 and IL-10, respectively. IL-22 has been shown to activate STAT-1 and STAT-3 in several hepatoma cell ......

Recombinant Human Vascular Endothelial Growth Inhibitor (VEGI-192) (Cat. No.: C038) Background:     Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI; TNFSF-15) is a new member of the tumor necrosis factor family. VEGI is predominantly an endothelial cell-specific gene, and recombinant VEGI is a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor growth. VEGI exerts two activities on endothelial cells: early G1 arrest of G0/G1-cells responding to growth stimuli, and programmed death of proliferating cells. These activities are highly specific to endothel......

T4 Polynucleotide Kinase     Description:      Catalyzes the transfer and exchange of Pi from the γ position of ATP to the 5´ -hydroxyl terminus of polynucleotides (double-and single-stranded DNA and RNA) and nucleoside 3´-monophosphates. Polynucleotide Kinase also catalyzes the removal of 3´-phosphoryl groups from 3´-phosphoryl polynucleotides, deoxynucleoside 3´-monophosphates and deoxynucleoside 3´-diphosphates (1).     Source:      A E. coli strain that carries the cloned T4 Polynucleot......

T4 Gene 32 Protein(T4 GP32)     Description:      T4 Gene 32 Protein is a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein required for bacteriophage T4 replication and repair (1). It cooperatively binds to and stablizes transiently formed regions of ssDNA and plays an important structural role during T4 phage replication (2). It also has been used extensively to stabilize and mark regions of ssDNA for electron microscopic examination of intracellular DNA structures (3). Recently, it has been shown to improve the yield and efficiency of reverse transcription (RT......

DNA Polymerase I, Large (Klenow) Fragment     Description:      DNA Polymerase I, Large (Klenow) Fragment is a proteolytic product of E. coli DNA Polymerase I which retains polymerization and 3'- 5' exonuclease activity, but has lost 5'- 3' exonuclease activity. Klenow retains the polymerization fidelity of the holoenzyme without degrading 5' termini.     Source:      The enzyme is produced by directly recombinant the E. coli polA gene, with a deletion of its 5'-3' exonuclease domain. Klenow Fragment is purified with ion excha......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RN) (Cat. No.: C033) Background:         Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) is a member of the IL-1 family. Endogenous IL-1RN is produced in numerous animal disease models as well as in human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. It binds to IL-1 receptors in competition with IL-1, but does not elicit intracellular response from this binding. Its role in counteracting the proinflammatory effects of IL-1 is being studied by numerous research groups.     &nbs......

Recombinant Human Stem Cell Factor (SCF) (Cat. No.: C034) Background:         Stem Cell Factor (SCF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that exerts its activity at the early stages of hematopoiesis. SCF stimulates the proliferation of myeloid, erythroid and lymphoid progenitors in bone marrow cultures and has been shown to act synergistically with colony stimulating factors. Description:         Recombinant Human SCF produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 165 amino acids ......

Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha Mutant (TNFa Mutant) (Cat. No.: C036) Background:         TNF is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, NK-cells following their stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF-alpha while CD8 cells secrete little or no TNF-alpha. The synthesis of TNF-alpha is induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, GM-CSF. Description:         The clinical use of the potent anti-tumor activity of TNF-alpha has been limited by ......

Uracil-DNA Glycosylase (UNG) (Cat. No.: E010) Description: E. coli Uracil DNA Glycosylase (UNG) catalyses the release of free uracil from uracil-containing DNA. UNG efficiently hydrolyzes uracil from single-stranded or double-stranded DNA, but not from oligomers (6 or fewer bases). Source: An E. coli strain that carries the UNG gene from E. coli . Applications: Glycosylase mediated single nucleotide polymorphism detection (GMPD) Site-directed mutagenesis As a probe for protein-DNA intera......

Recombinant Mouse Interleukin-10 (IL10) (Cat. No.: C018) Background:         Interleukin-10 is produced by murine T-cells following their stimulation by lectins. The main source for B-cell-derived Interleukin-10 in mice is Ly-1 B-cells that express CD5 and CD11. Murine keratinocytes also produce IL10.         In humans IL-10 is produced by activated CD8 (+) peripheral blood T-cells, by T-helper CD4 (+) T-cell clones (resembling Th0, Th1, and Th2) after both antigen-specific and polyclonal activation, by B-cell ly......

Recombinant Human Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) (Cat. No.: C017) Background:         Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) is a lymphoid factor which promotes long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells by suppressing spontaneous differentiation. LIF has a number of other activities including cholinergic neuron differentiation, control of stem cell pluripotency, bone and fat metabolism, mitogenesis of certain factor dependent cell lines and promotion of megakaryocyte production in vivo. Human and murine mature LIF exhibit a 78% sequence identity at ......

Recombinant human Interleukin-15 (IL15) (Cat. No.: C016) Background:         Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that possesses a variety of biological functions, including stimulation and maintenance of cellular immune responses. IL-15 stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, which requires interaction of IL-15 with components of IL-2R, including IL-2R and probably IL-2R gamma, but not IL-2R. Description:         Recombinant Human IL-15 produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated polype......

Taq Plus DNA Polymerase (Cat. No.: E009) Description: Taq Plus DNA Polymerase is a special formulation designed for amplify large fragment. The main component is Taq DNA Polymerase, and some special addictives such as Pfu DNA Polymerase are added to enhance the efficiency of amplification reaction. Theoretically, Taq Plus produces significantly higher yields of PCR products than ordinary Taq Polymerase, especially for fragments >1 kb, and can amplify up to 30 kb. Taq Plus also contains a proofreading activity that reduces the error rate of Taq Polymera......

Genotyping 2X Master Mix (Cat. No.: E008) Description: Genotyping Buffer and PCR system are specially designed for identifying target DNA fragment from complex genome background. It is about 10 2 -10 4 times more sensitive than general PCR system, especially for high GC contents or DNA sequence with complex structure. Genotyping 2X Master Mix is a premixed, ready-to-use solution containing Taq DNA Polymerase, dNTPs, MgCl 2 and Reaction Buffer at optimal concentrations for efficient amplification of DNA templates by PCR. T......

Taq Plus 2X Master Mix (Cat. No.: E007) Description: Taq Plus 2X Master Mix is a premixed, ready-to-use solution containing Taq Plus DNA Polymerase, dNTPs, MgCl 2 and Reaction Buffer at optimal concentrations for efficient amplification of DNA templates by PCR. The Taq Plus 2X Master Mix has been optimized for use in routine PCR for amplifying DNA templates in the range of 1–10kb. PCR Master Mix, 2X: 50 units/ml of Taq Plus DNA Polymerase supplied in a proprietary reaction buffer (pH 8.8), 400 µ M eac......

Pfu 2X Master Mix (Cat. No.: E006) Description: Pfu 2X Master Mix is a premixed, ready-to-use solution containing Pfu DNA Polymerase, dNTPs, MgSO 4 and Reaction Buffer at optimal concentrations for efficient amplification of DNA templates by PCR. The Pfu 2X Master Mix has been optimized for use in routine PCR for amplifying DNA templates in the range of 0.2–3kb. PCR Master Mix, 2X: 50 units/ml of Pfu DNA Polymerase supplied in a proprietary reaction buffer (pH 8.5), 400 µ M each of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, d......

Taq 2X Master Mix (Cat. No.: E005) Description: Taq 2X Master Mix is a premixed, ready-to-use solution containing Taq DNA Polymerase, dNTPs, MgCl 2 and Reaction Buffer at optimal concentrations for efficient amplification of DNA templates by PCR. The Taq 2X Master Mix has been optimized for use in routine PCR for amplifying DNA templates in the range of 0.2–4kb. Source: E. coli strain that carries the Taq DNA Polymerase gene from Thermus aquaticus YT1. PCR Master Mix, 2X: ......

Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein -2 (BMP2) (Cat. No.: C012) Background:         Belongs to the Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins. Description:         Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic protein-2 ......

Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) (Cat. No.: C029) Background:         Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small mitogenic protein that is thought to be involved in mechanisms such as normal cell growth, oncogenesis, and wound healing. This protein shows both strong sequential and functional homology with human type-alpha transforming growth factor (hTGF alpha), which is a competitor for EGF receptor sites. EGF is a small 53 amino acid residue long protein that contains three disulfide briges. Description:     &n......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-10 (IL10) (Cat. No.: C027) Background:         Interleukin-10 is produced by murine T-cells following their stimulation by lectins. The main source for B-cell-derived Interleukin-10 in mice is Ly-1 B-cells that express CD5 and CD11. Murine keratinocytes also produce IL10.         In humans IL-10 is produced by activated CD8 (+) peripheral blood T-cells, by T-helper CD4 (+) T-cell clones (resembling Th0, Th1, and Th2) after both antigen-specific and polyclonal activation, by B-cell ly......

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH1-84) (Cat. No.: C010) Background:         Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney. Another hormone, parathyroid hormone-related protein, binds to the same receptor as parathyroid hormone and has major effects on development.         Like most other protein hormones, parathyr......

Pegylated Recombinant Human Interferon-alpha 2b (PEG-IFNα2b) (Cat. No.: C007) Background:         At least 23 different variants of Interferon-alpha are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-alpha subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-alpha subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also ......

Recombinant HSA-Interferon-alpha 2b (HSA-IFNα2b) (Cat. No.: C004) Background:         At least 23 different variants of Interferon-alpha are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-alpha subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-alpha subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include pro......

Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) (Cat. No.: C002) Background:         A glycoprotein of MW 20 kDa contains internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines. The synthesis of G-CSF can be induced by bacterial endotoxi......

Pfu DNA Polymerase (Cat. No.: E002) Description:     Pfu DNA Polymerase is a thermostable enzyme of approximately 90kDa isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus. The enzyme replicates DNA at 75 o C, catalyzing the polymerization of nucleotides into duplex DNA in the 5´-3´ direction in the presence of magnesium. Pfu DNA Polymerase also possesses 3´-5´ exonuclease (proofreading) activity. Base misinsertions that may occur during polymerization are rapidly excised by the proofreading activity of the polymerase. Consequently, Pfu DNA Polymerase is recomm......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 (IL6) (Cat. No.: C009) Background:         Cytokines of the IL6/GCSF/MGF family are glycoproteins of about 170 to 180 amino acid residues that contain four conserved cysteine residues involved in two disulphide bonds. They have a compact, globular fold (similar to other interleukins), stabilized by the 2 disulphide bonds. One half of the structure is dominated by a 4 alpha-helix bundle with a left-handed twist: the helices are anti-parallel, with 2 overhand connections, which fall into a 2-stranded anti-parallel beta......

Recombinant Human Interferon-gamma (IFNy) (Cat. No.: C014) Background:         The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated lymphocytes. It is structurally different from type I interferon and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to autoimmune disease. Interferon gamma is produced mainly by T-cells and natural killer cells activated by antigens, mitogens, or alloantigens. It is produce......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-2 (IL2) (Cat. No.: C013) Background:         In vitro studies performed on human cell lines demonstrate the immunoregulatory properties of IL-2 including: 1) enhancement of lymphocyte mitogenesis and stimulation of long-term growth of human IL-2 dependent edll lines; 2) enhancement of lymphocyte cytotoxicity; 3) induction of killer cell (lymphokine-activated (LAK) and natural (NK)) activity; 4) dnduction of interferon-gamma production. Description:         Recombinant Human interleu......

Recombinant Human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) (Cat. No.: C003) Background:         GM-CSF was initially characterized as a growth factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is produced by a number of different cell types (including activated T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts) in response to cytokine of immune and inflammatory stimuli. Besides granulocyte-macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is also a growth factor for erythroid, m......

Recombinant Human Interleukin-11 (IL11) (Cat. No.: C006) Background:         IL-11 is a thrombopoietic growth factor that directly stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production. IL-11 is a member of a family of human growth factors which includes human growth hormone, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and other growth factors. Description:         The protein is produced in P. Pichi......

Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFa) (Cat. No.: C008) Background:         TNF-alpha is a homotrimer with a subunit molecular mass of 17 kDa and that it plays a major role in growth regulation, differentiation, inflammation, viral replication, tumorigenesis, and autoimmune diseases; and in viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections. Besides inducing hemorrhagic necrosis of tumors, TNF was found to be involved in tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, viral replication, septic shock, fever, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases incl......

Recombinant Human Interferon-alpha 2a (IFNa2a) (Cat. No.: C025)   Background:         At least 23 different variants of IFN-alpha are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-alpha subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-alpha subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include protei......

Taq DNA Polymerase (Cat. No.: E001) Description:     Taq DNA Polymerase is a thermostable enzyme of approximately 94kDa isolated from Thermus aquaticus. This unmodified enzyme replicates DNA at 74 o C and exhibits a half-life of 40 minutes at 95 o C . The enzyme catalyzes the polymerization of nucleotides into duplex DNA in the 5´-3´ direction in the presence of magnesium and also possesses a 5´-3´ exonuclease activity. Taq DNA Polymerase is recommended for use in PCR but is not recommended for use in DNA sequencing reactions.  Sourc......

Recombinant Human Interferon-alpha 2b (IFNa2b) (Cat. No.: C005) Background:   At least 23 different variants of IFN-alpha are known. The individual proteins have molecular masses between 19-26 kDa and consist of proteins with lengths of 156-166 and 172 amino acids. All IFN-alpha subtypes possess a common conserved sequence region between amino acid positions 115-151 while the amino-terminal ends are variable. Many IFN-alpha subtypes differ in their sequences at only one or two positions. Naturally occurring variants also include proteins truncated by 10 amin......

Recombinant Enterokinase (Cat No.: E004) Description:     Recombinant Enterokinase (rEK) is the catalytic subunit of bovine enterokinase, which is expressed by the yeast Pichia pastoris and purified to yield a high enzyme activity preparation. rEK recognizes the sequence Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys and cleaves the peptide bond after the lysine residue. The enzyme can be used to cleave any fusion protein that carries this sequence. (Figure 1) Figure 1-  Digestion of Thioredoxin-NP-27 fusion protein with rEK          ......

Pegylated Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (PEG-GCSF) (Cat. No.: C028) Background:         A glycoprotein of MW 20 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.        ......

T4 DNA ligase (Cat. No.: E003) Description:     T4 DNA Ligase is a recombinant enzyme formulated and tested for high activity in blunt- and cohesive-end ligations for cloning and linker addition. The enzyme covalently joins 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl termini in duplex DNA or RNA. It is free of detectable exo- or endonuclease activities. Source:     Purified from recombinant E. coli strain. Applications:     Cloning of restriction fragments.     Joining linkers and adapters to blunt-ended DNA. Unit Defi......