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1: Veterinary immunology and immunopathology, 2010 Jul 16,
Partial characterization and distribution of the chemokines CCL25 and CCL28 in the bovine system.

[Abstract]Chemokines have been shown to play a major role in the efficient accumulation and localization of leukocytes to tissues via interactions with their cognate receptors. The chemokine/chemokine receptor pairs CCL25/CCR9 and CCL28/CCR10 have been shown to play a vital role in the trafficking of antibody secreting cells to mucosal tissues. Although the importance of these chemokines in mediating effective immune responses is well described, the distribution of these molecules has not been previously characterized in the cow. In this report we describe the mRNA expression patterns of these chemokine/chemokine receptor pairs in the bovine system. Quantitative mRNA analysis shows that these molecules exhibit unique expression patterns and suggest that these chemokines play a major role in the accumulation of receptor bearing cells to specific mucosal tissues.

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2: Research in veterinary science, 2009 Dec 17, 40(1)
Augmentation of CCL17 and CCL28 gene expression by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or IFN-gamma in cultured canine keratinocytes.

[Abstract]Keratinocytes produce inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathogenesis of skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis (AD). In particular, the CC chemokines, thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC)/CCL17 and mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine (MEC)/CCL28 are considered to play an important role in the lesional infiltration of lymphocytes in canine AD. However, there have been no reports on the regulatory mechanisms of CCL17 and CCL28 transcription in canine keratinocytes. In this study, we investigated whether CCL17 and CCL28 transcription in cultured keratinocytes is induced by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or IFN-gamma. It was found that CCL17 mRNA transcription is augmented by TNF-alpha only, whereas the CCL28 mRNA level could be increased by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or IFN-gamma. The present study suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines are important inducing factors for the production of CCL17 and CCL28 in the lesional skin of dogs with AD.